Engineering Systems: Methods Laying Underground Comm
Underground utility networks are an essential element of the engineering equipment of the modern city and characterize its degree of development and improvement. In connection with building new residential areas and wear old utilities, underground utilities each city in a state of continuous development and reconstruction. To underground utility lines include pipelines, cables and sewers for various purposes, inputs and branch in the building. Engineering network includes a choice of laying methods of communication, which made taking into account the depth of the pipeline, the diameter and length, timing of construction, features and dimensions of the construction site, the availability of roads, seasons, hydrogeologic and climatic conditions. On the choice of method of construction is also highly influenced by the pipe material (concrete, steel, iron, asbestos cement, plastics, etc.) as well as the material of pipes depends how they link and sequence of technological processes. Production work on the laying of underground utilities is carried out by a single technological scheme of building a city street.
Laying of underground utilities must be preceded by road and other works of improvement, taking into account future building plans. The route of each network must be installed in accordance with the project location of all underground networks on this street, with clear linkages to city beautification and construction of streets and squares. At present, construction of underground utilities are used as traditional open trench, and modern, more sophisticated methods of installation. In the open trench method works laying cables and pipelines can be split with stacking structures in different trenches. Also applied a combined strip of several networks in one trench in the general collector. Laying of communications open or trenching – the easiest way.
However, this method causes a large enough damage to the environment and leads to various social problems. Trench method of installation work is required to stabilize the soil, which in turn leads to an increase the cost and complexity of the process and slowing construction. When working on the main streets need to limit urban transport, urban infrastructure is broken at the point where made the work of laying utilities. Currently, there are a number of new technologies that allow the closed method without opening the road to repair underground engineering networks and communications. One of these advanced technologies is a horizontal directional drilling (HDD). Trenchless methods are deprived of many of the shortcomings of open methods of construction. They allow you to run communications cramped urban conditions without destroying the roadway, railway, landscape gardens, squares, squares. Horizontal directional drilling makes it possible to carry out works to bypass the obstacles. Technology gnb can drill straight and curved hole in the horizontal and vertical planes of the desired configuration for steel and polyethylene pipes. Thus it is possible to achieve the desired result, without stopping traffic and pedestrians, without disfiguring the beautiful landscape of the city and not throwing up the usual construction of mud. Over the past 30 years of hdd from the perspective of the method has become a widely used technology. On Today, more than 70% of utilities in cities around the world laid it by horizontal directional drilling.